Impact & Data
National indicators
Explore 38 national measures of energy productivity, affordability, buildings, industry, transportation, and the grid. See the latest validated values and where updates are still in progress.
National indicator catalogue
Explore all 38 measures.
Explore the complete national data programme. Each measure explains what it represents, how it was calculated, where it came from, and how to interpret it.
Showing all 38 indicators
Data checked Sep 21, 2026
Economy & people
8 indicatorsID 1 · Cross-cuttingReal economic output per unit of energy
69.8%2000–2025
Real economic output per unit of energy
What it representsChange since 2000 in inflation-adjusted U.S. economic output produced per unit of total primary energy consumed.
How it was calculatedASE inverts EIA total primary energy consumption per real dollar of GDP and calculates the percentage change in real GDP per MMBtu from 2000 to the latest complete annual observation.
Where it came fromEIA Monthly Energy Review Table 1.7
How to interpretA higher value means the economy is producing more inflation-adjusted output from each unit of energy. This is an economy-wide productivity measure, not a stand-alone estimate of policy impact.
View EIA Monthly Energy Review Table 1.7ID 3 · Cross-cuttingPer capita primary energy consumption
282 MMBtu per person2025
Per capita primary energy consumption
What it representsPrimary energy consumed per U.S. resident.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromEIA Monthly Energy Review Table 1.7
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View EIA Monthly Energy Review Table 1.7The latest annual MER observation may be preliminary and can be revised.
ID 5 · Cross-cuttingEnergy expenditures
$1.51T · 5.2% of GDP2024
Energy expenditures
What it representsObserved U.S. energy expenditures and expenditures as a share of GDP; no efficiency-attributable savings claim.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromEIA Monthly Energy Review Table 1.7
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View EIA Monthly Energy Review Table 1.7Observed expenditures are not savings attributable to efficiency. Any avoided-cost estimate requires a separate governed counterfactual model.
ID 7 · Cross-cuttingEnergy-efficiency employment
2.36M workers2025
Energy-efficiency employment
What it representsNational employment supported by energy-efficiency work.
How it was calculatedUses the national energy-efficiency employment total reported in the U.S. Energy and Employment Report.
Where it came fromDOE U.S. Energy and Employment Report
How to interpretShows the scale of the workforce whose primary work supports energy efficiency; it is not a count of every job indirectly affected by lower energy use.
View DOE U.S. Energy and Employment ReportUSEER employment is a survey-based estimate. Weighted estimates may be fractional; the displayed national total is rounded for readability.
ID 8 · Cross-cuttingPublic health benefits
$0.96B–$1.6B2024 electricity savings × 2023 EPA factors
Public health benefits
What it representsAvoided health benefits associated with utility electricity savings.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromEIA-861 and EPA benefit-per-kWh factors
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View EIA-861 and EPA benefit-per-kWh factorsScreening estimate of outdoor-air-quality health benefits only. EPA's 2023 Uniform EE regional factors are applied within EPA's recommended ±5-year window using 2018 state-to-region apportionments; published whole-percent shares are normalized within each state. Alaska and Hawaii are outside EPA's contiguous-U.S. AVERT table and are excluded. This is not a localized impact analysis or regulatory benefit estimate.
ID 10 · Cross-cuttingEnergy insecurity
32.9% of households2024 preliminary
Energy insecurity
What it representsShare of households reporting energy insecurity.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromEIA Residential Energy Consumption Survey
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View EIA Residential Energy Consumption SurveyThe 2024 RECS estimate is preliminary and survey-based. It represents households reporting any of the energy-insecurity conditions defined in EIA Table HC11.1, not utility arrears alone.
ID S1 · Cross-cuttingNational Energy and Emissions Productivity
103.0%2000–2025
National Energy and Emissions Productivity
What it representsChange since 2000 in real GDP produced per unit of primary energy and per metric ton of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions.
How it was calculatedASE derives real GDP from EIA total primary energy and energy-intensity series, divides it by total energy-related CO2 emissions, and compares real GDP per metric ton with 2000. Energy and emissions productivity use the same latest complete annual period.
Where it came fromEIA Monthly Energy Review Tables 1.7 and 11.1
How to interpretHigher productivity means more inflation-adjusted economic output per unit of energy or emissions. The two ratios are context measures and do not assign all change to efficiency policy.
View EIA Monthly Energy Review Tables 1.7 and 11.1ASE calculation from EIA public data using the latest common complete annual period.
ID S4 · BuildingsMultiple Benefits of Weatherization
≥$11.9M/yrcurrent DOE program facts
Multiple Benefits of Weatherization
What it representsAnnual homes served, jobs supported, household savings, and an ASE-calculated minimum annual savings total for the current DOE Weatherization Assistance Program cohort.
How it was calculatedDOE reports approximately 32,000 homes served each year, 8,500 jobs supported, and average household savings of at least $372 annually. ASE multiplies 32,000 by $372 to show at least $11.9 million in annual savings for one annual cohort.
Where it came fromU.S. Department of Energy Weatherization Assistance Program
How to interpretThe jobs, homes, and per-household savings are DOE figures. The cohort savings total is an ASE calculation, is not cumulative, and uses DOE’s minimum savings figure.
View U.S. Department of Energy Weatherization Assistance ProgramDOE publishes the inputs; ASE calculates the cohort total as 32,000 × $372.
Grid & utilities
6 indicatorsID 12 · UtilitiesEfficiency as a low-cost resource
2.45¢/lifecycle kWh2024 final
Efficiency as a low-cost resource
What it representsUtility-program cost per reported lifecycle kilowatt-hour saved.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromEIA Form 861 Energy Efficiency schedule
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View EIA Form 861 Energy Efficiency scheduleProgram-administrator costs are the reporting-year customer incentives plus all other costs divided by reported incremental lifecycle savings. EIA does not collect participant out-of-pocket costs. The numerator excludes the published 2024 cost cells for Delaware Sustainable Energy Utility (utility 58854), fingerprinted to the reviewed final archive and exact reported value. No substitute value was used; its lifecycle savings remain in the denominator.
ID 13 · UtilitiesUtility-program savings
23.84 TWh · 6.26 GW2024 final
Utility-program savings
What it representsIncremental annual electricity savings and peak-demand savings reported by U.S. utilities.
How it was calculatedASE sums utility-reported incremental annual electricity savings and peak-demand savings, converts MWh to TWh and MW to GW, and keeps the two measures separate.
Where it came fromEIA Form 861 Energy Efficiency schedule
How to interpretAnnual savings show electricity avoided over the year; peak savings show grid capacity freed at the highest-demand hours.
View EIA Form 861 Energy Efficiency scheduleNational sums include numeric values reported on the states/DC worksheet and exclude the separate territories worksheet. Missing or not-meaningful cells contribute no value.
ID 15 · UtilitiesProgram spending and savings per resident
$20.25/person · 70.1 kWh/person2024 final
Program spending and savings per resident
What it representsState utility-program spending and savings normalized by population.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromEIA-861 and Census ACS
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View EIA-861 and Census ACSNational EIA-861 reported program spending and savings are divided by the 2024 ACS 1-year U.S. population. The EIA cost data include customer incentives and other program costs, not participant out-of-pocket costs. The spending numerator excludes the published 2024 cost cells for Delaware Sustainable Energy Utility (utility 58854), fingerprinted to the reviewed final archive and exact reported value; no substitute was used, and that row's annual savings remain included.
ID 17 · UtilitiesSmart meters
140.49M AMI meters · 83.6% penetration2024 final
Smart meters
What it representsAdvanced-meter installations and customer penetration.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromEIA Form 861 Advanced Metering schedule
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View EIA Form 861 Advanced Metering scheduleThe calculation follows EIA's note by excluding Behind-the-Meter utility rows while retaining EIA state adjustment rows.
ID 18 · UtilitiesAmerica’s Flexible Grid Reserve
10.95M customers · 31.49 GW potential · 12.32 GW actual2024 final
America’s Flexible Grid Reserve
What it representsPotential and actual peak-demand reduction available from utility demand-response programs, with participating customers reported separately.
How it was calculatedASE sums utility-reported potential peak savings, actual peak reduction, and customers from the EIA-861 demand-response schedule; MW and customer counts remain separate measures.
Where it came fromEIA Form 861 Demand Response schedule
How to interpretPotential reduction is the grid’s reported flexible reserve. Actual reduction depends on system conditions and program activation, so it should not be treated as guaranteed capacity.
View EIA Form 861 Demand Response schedulePotential peak savings and actual peak reduction are distinct EIA reported measures and should not be added together.
ID 19 · UtilitiesPower-system efficiency and losses
58.7% of input energy2025
Power-system efficiency and losses
What it representsElectrical-system losses as a share of input energy.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromEIA total-energy and electric-power series
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View EIA total-energy and electric-power seriesEIA's electrical-system losses include generation conversion losses, plant use, transmission and distribution losses, and unaccounted-for electricity. This is not a transmission-and-distribution line-loss rate.
Buildings
10 indicatorsID 23 · BuildingsHousehold energy costs
$1,884 per household2020
Household energy costs
What it representsAverage household energy expenditures using survey-weighted residential data.
How it was calculatedUses survey-weighted household energy expenditures from EIA RECS with Census household context. The proposed monthly bill-pressure replacement remains private until its EIA-861M and CPI periods pass alignment QA.
Where it came fromEIA RECS and Census ACS
How to interpretShows the household cost burden in the latest comparable survey period; it is not yet the candidate monthly bill-pressure index.
View EIA RECS and Census ACSPrimary occupied housing units in the 50 states and DC. Biomass, coal, district steam, and solar-thermal expenditures are excluded; on-site solar PV electricity is included.
ID 26 · BuildingsENERGY STAR market impact
261.7M certified units shipped2023
ENERGY STAR market impact
What it representsENERGY STAR unit shipments by product category.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromEPA ENERGY STAR Unit Shipment Data
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View EPA ENERGY STAR Unit Shipment DataReported ENERGY STAR partner shipments; EPA makes no adjustment for nonrespondents. The report's overall partner response rate is 86%.
ID 27 · BuildingsCommercial-building energy intensity
70.4 kBtu/sq ft2018
Commercial-building energy intensity
What it representsCommercial building energy-use intensity.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromEIA Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View EIA Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption SurveySurvey estimate of site energy from the sum of major fuels per gross building square foot.
ID 30 · BuildingsBenchmarking and transparency
330,000+ properties · 30B+ sq ft2023
Benchmarking and transparency
What it representsBenchmarked property count and floor area.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromEPA Portfolio Manager Data Explorer
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View EPA Portfolio Manager Data ExplorerPublisher reports both figures as lower bounds ('more than'), not exact inventory totals.
ID 32 · BuildingsHome performance
1M+ homes · up to 20% / $500 yearlythrough 2021 milestone; current savings claims
Home performance
What it representsHome Performance with ENERGY STAR projects and reported savings.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromEPA Home Performance with ENERGY STAR
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View EPA Home Performance with ENERGY STARSavings are EPA potential ('can save'/'as much as') claims, not a measured national average of realized savings.
ID 33 · BuildingsEfficient Commercial Building Footprint
7,594 certifications · 1.81B sq ft2025
Efficient Commercial Building Footprint
What it representsENERGY STAR certified commercial buildings and certified floor area for the selected certification year.
How it was calculatedASE counts unique ENERGY STAR certified commercial buildings and sums certified floor area for a single certification year after validating property type, certification year, and duplicate identifiers.
Where it came fromEPA ENERGY STAR Certified Buildings and Plants
How to interpretShows the footprint receiving ENERGY STAR certification in that year. Annual and cumulative counts are not combined.
View EPA ENERGY STAR Certified Buildings and PlantsENERGY STAR only; LEED is excluded. Registry floor area does not include data centers.
ID 34 · BuildingsModel building energy codes
7 at 2024 IECC · 6 at ASHRAE 90.1-2022June 2026
Model building energy codes
What it representsState residential and commercial energy-code adoption status.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromDOE State Code Adoption
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View DOE State Code AdoptionDOE equivalency categories reflect modeled state codes and, for home-rule states, weighted local-code coverage; they are not simple statutory code-title counts.
ID 36 · BuildingsBuilding performance standards
16 jurisdictions with adopted BPSJanuary 2026
Building performance standards
What it representsJurisdictions with adopted building performance standards.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromDOE Building Performance Standards
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View DOE Building Performance StandardsCounts adopted standards in the current comparison matrix, not coalition commitments or proposed policies.
ID 38 · BuildingsState appliance standards
183 active state-product standards · 18 jurisdictionsas of 2026-09-20
State appliance standards
What it representsState-adopted appliance efficiency standards by product.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromAppliance Standards Awareness Project
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View Appliance Standards Awareness ProjectASAP's table includes only standards that states remain responsible for enforcing; standards subsequently enacted federally are excluded.
ID S6 · FinancePACE-Financed Efficiency Investment
$7.4B C-PACE · $2.9B R-PACEC-PACE through Dec. 2025 · R-PACE through Mar. 2023
PACE-Financed Efficiency Investment
What it representsEstimated portions of cumulative commercial and residential PACE investment categorized as energy efficiency, reported separately because the source vintages differ.
How it was calculatedASE applies PACENation’s published efficiency shares to each program’s cumulative investment: $13.5 billion × 55% for C-PACE and $9.123 billion × 32% for R-PACE.
Where it came fromPACENation Market Data
How to interpretAbout $7.4 billion of C-PACE and $2.9 billion of R-PACE investment is efficiency-categorized. The two values are kept separate because C-PACE is through December 2025 and R-PACE is through March 2023.
View PACENation Market DataASE calculations from PACENation totals and category shares; vintages are shown separately.
Industry
6 indicatorsID 39 · IndustryIndustrial energy intensity
8.19 kBtu/$ · −8.9% since 20182018–2025
Industrial energy intensity
What it representsIndustrial energy consumption per dollar of real output.
How it was calculatedCompares industrial energy consumption with inflation-adjusted industrial output for aligned annual periods. The proposed manufacturing-electricity-productivity replacement remains private until its physical electricity denominator and BEA manufacturing scope match exactly.
Where it came fromEIA and Bureau of Economic Analysis
How to interpretA decline in energy intensity means more real industrial output per unit of energy; structural changes in industry mix also affect the result.
View EIA and Bureau of Economic AnalysisThe denominator is BEA real value added for private goods-producing industries (agriculture, mining, construction, and manufacturing), aligned to EIA's broad industrial sector. Ratios reflect structural and cyclical change as well as efficiency and should not be treated as policy attribution.
ID 40 · IndustryIndustrial carbon intensity
0.347 tCO₂/$1,000 · −15.8% since 20182018–2025
Industrial carbon intensity
What it representsIndustrial carbon dioxide emissions per dollar of real output.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromEIA and Bureau of Economic Analysis
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View EIA and Bureau of Economic AnalysisThe denominator is BEA real value added for private goods-producing industries (agriculture, mining, construction, and manufacturing), aligned to EIA's broad industrial sector. Ratios reflect structural and cyclical change as well as efficiency and should not be treated as policy attribution.
ID 41 · IndustryCombined heat and power
4,111 sites · 80.4 GWas of 2024-12-31
Combined heat and power
What it representsOperating combined-heat-and-power installations and capacity.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromDOE / ORNL Onsite Energy Installation Database
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View DOE / ORNL Onsite Energy Installation DatabaseORNL labels these as current U.S. CHP installations. The official technology total includes waste-heat-to-power installations and is a database snapshot dated 2024-12-31.
ID 42 · IndustryIndustrial energy management
77,342 establishments · 41.8%2022 survey
Industrial energy management
What it representsManufacturing establishments using energy-management activities.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromEIA Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View EIA Manufacturing Energy Consumption SurveyMECS is a sample survey released December 2025. Counts are weighted estimates and the participation category means an establishment reported one or more of the energy-management activities listed in Table 8.1.
ID 44 · IndustryBetter Plants
$14.1B · 2.8 QBTU · 270+ partners · 3,700+ plantsApril 2025 program snapshot
Better Plants
What it representsPartner energy savings and program reach.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromDOE Better Plants annual reports
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View DOE Better Plants annual reportsAll four displayed values come from one DOE Better Plants-only infographic (April 2025); plus signs are publisher-reported lower bounds. Results cover program partners, not all U.S. manufacturing. DOE's landing page modified 2025-11-25 reports newer but incomplete figures (more than 315 partners and over $15.2B); they are not mixed with the infographic because it provides no matching QBTU and plant count.
ID 45 · IndustryENERGY STAR Industrial Plant Footprint
147 plants2025
ENERGY STAR Industrial Plant Footprint
What it representsUnique U.S. industrial plants earning ENERGY STAR certification in the selected year, with represented sectors reported separately.
How it was calculatedASE filters the EPA certified-plant registry to the selected certification year, deduplicates plant identifiers, and counts plants and represented industrial sectors.
Where it came fromEPA ENERGY STAR Certified Plants
How to interpretShows the breadth of verified industrial energy performance; it does not convert certifications into unreported energy or dollar savings.
View EPA ENERGY STAR Certified PlantsCounts EPA directory rows in industrial Property Type categories for the latest complete calendar year. Certification indicates top-quartile energy performance among comparable U.S. plants.
Transportation
8 indicatorsID 46 · TransportationOn-road vehicle fuel economy
19.2 mpg2024
On-road vehicle fuel economy
What it representsFleet-average fuel economy for all motor vehicles in use.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromEIA Monthly Energy Review Table 1.8
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View EIA Monthly Energy Review Table 1.8This EIA series covers all motor vehicles in use; it is not a new-model-year fuel-economy standard or an efficiency-policy impact estimate.
ID 48 · TransportationHeavy-duty truck fuel economy
7.5 mpg2024
Heavy-duty truck fuel economy
What it representsFleet-average fuel economy for heavy-duty trucks in use.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromEIA Monthly Energy Review Table 1.8
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View EIA Monthly Energy Review Table 1.8Fleet-average heavy-duty truck fuel economy reflects vehicle mix and use; it is not a new-vehicle compliance value.
ID 49 · TransportationLight-duty electric vehicles
4.35M BEVs · 2.18% electric share2024
Light-duty electric vehicles
What it representsRegistered battery-electric light-duty vehicles and the electric share of the light-duty fleet.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromEIA Monthly Energy Review Table 1.10
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View EIA Monthly Energy Review Table 1.10The headline count is battery-electric light-duty vehicles. EIA's published electric share includes battery-electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles.
ID 50 · TransportationElectric transit
22,539 active zero-emission vehicles · 2 contingency2024
Electric transit
What it representsZero-emission transit vehicles by mode and service status.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromFTA National Transit Database
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View FTA National Transit DatabaseIncludes vehicles whose NTD fuel type is Electric Battery, Electric Propulsion Power, or Hydrogen; hybrid fuel types are excluded. Fleet records assigned to multiple mode/service pairs remain combined to avoid double counting.
ID 51 · TransportationEV charging
81,954 public stations · 257,425 charging ports2026-09-20
EV charging
What it representsOpen public electric-vehicle charging stations and ports.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromNREL Alternative Fuel Stations API
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View NREL Alternative Fuel Stations APICounts include U.S. electric stations that AFDC classifies as open and public. A station location can contain multiple charging ports; the two counts are not interchangeable.
ID 52 · TransportationVehicle miles traveled
3.28T vehicle miles2024
Vehicle miles traveled
What it representsMonthly U.S. vehicle miles traveled, with complete years totaled.
How it was calculatedSums Federal Highway Administration monthly vehicle miles for complete national periods. The proposed mobility-per-gallon replacement remains private until VMT and highway-use fuel are matched to the same rolling 12-month period.
Where it came fromFederal Highway Administration Monthly Travel Trends
How to interpretShows travel demand, not efficiency by itself; it remains public until the matched-period mobility-per-gallon candidate passes QA.
View Federal Highway Administration Monthly Travel TrendsVehicle miles traveled is an activity measure, not an efficiency outcome. The value is the sum of the 12 published monthly observations; FHWA may revise historical rows.
ID 53 · TransportationTransportation-mode utilization
7.67B trips · 38.00B passenger-mi · 4.51B service-mi2024
Transportation-mode utilization
What it representsTrips, passenger-miles, and service by transit mode.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromFTA National Transit Database
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View FTA National Transit DatabaseUnlinked trips count boardings, so a transfer can count as another trip. The totals aggregate published agency-mode-service records and do not estimate unreported service.
ID 54 · TransportationTransit equity
188.3 trips / poverty-population resident · 174.8 trips / disabled resident · 418.2 service-mi / zero-car HH2024
Transit equity
What it representsTransit supply and use normalized by demographic need.
How it was calculatedUses the published value or documented aggregation from the named source.
Where it came fromFTA National Transit Database and Census ACS
How to interpretRead this as an observed national indicator for its stated period; it does not by itself establish that a single policy caused the result.
View FTA National Transit Database and Census ACSThese are national context ratios, not measurements of trips taken by low-income or disabled residents or of service delivered specifically to zero-vehicle households. The need groups overlap, and ACS estimates carry sampling uncertainty; no causal or access-equity claim is implied.